Introduction to French (2nd ed.)
Introduction to French (2nd ed.) by Rita Palacios is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.
Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning
Kitchener, Ontario
Introduction to French (2nd ed.) by Rita Palacios is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.
1
French is one of Canada’s official languages. Alongside English and many Indigenous languages, it is spoken all over Canada. It is also the official language of some countries in the Americas, Europe and Africa.
This textbook offers a brief introduction to French language, covering topics from saying hello to food, designed with the needs of post-secondary students in Canada in mind. This book is an Open Educational Resource (OER), which can be used and adapted free of charge.
Please review Conestoga College’s Accessibility Statement for OER Projects.
Rita M. Palacios, PhD is a language professor in the School of Interdisciplinary Studies at Conestoga College. She teaches Spanish and sometimes French, and is an advocate of Open Educational Resources. Her work includes research on Indigenous literatures and cultures from Abyiayala with a focus on Mesoamerica.
The author acknowledges that she lives and works on the territory known as the Haldimand Tract, land that was granted to the Haudenosaunee of the Six Nations of the Grand River, and on the traditional territory of the Neutral, Anishinaabe, and Haudenosaunee peoples.
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This project is made possible with funding by the Government of Ontario and through eCampusOntario’s support of the Virtual Learning Strategy (VLS) and Central Virtual Learning Platform (CVLP). To learn more about VLS and CVLP visit: https://vls.ecampusontario.ca.
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This textbook is an adaption of three works, each produced and distributed under a Creative Commons license:
Francais Interactif, by the Center for Open Educational Resources and Language Learning, Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Services, and The Department of French and Italian at the University of Texas at Austin is licensed under CC BY 3.0.
Liberté, by Gretchen Angelo, is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.
Tex’s French Grammar, by the Center for Open Educational Resources and Language Learning at the University of Texas at Austin is licensed under CC BY 3.0.
This adapted edition is produced by Rita M. Palacios and Holly Ashbourne for Conestoga Library Services for Conestoga College Institute of Advanced Technology and Learning. Audio recordings courtesy of Michel Singh.
This adaptation has reformatted, reorganized and integrated excerpts from the original texts, and modified their content to suit the needs of Canadian college students. Unless otherwise stated, this work is made available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
We wish to express our gratitude and thanks to the people who supported and participated in this project.
Shawn Brake, Hons. BA, MA, Executive Dean, School of Interdisciplinary Studies
Andrew Schmitz, PhD, Chair, School of Interdisciplinary Studies
Chris Woodley, BES, BEd., MLIS, Manager, Access & Education, Conestoga Library Services
Holly Ashbourne, Hons. BA, MLIS, E-Learning Liaison, Conestoga Library Services
Kim Carter, BEd., MA, Open Educational Resources (OER) projects consultant
James Yochem, Hons. BA, MLIS Copyright Coordinator, Conestoga Library Services
Cecile Monique Michniewicz, Hons. BA, MEd
Caroline Cossar, PhD (ABD), instructor, School of Interdisciplinary Studies
Michel Singh, Collège La Cité for voicing the French pronunciation audio tracks
I
In this chapter, you will practice using the vocabulary for formal and informal introductions and greetings. You’ll also learn to ask people how they are doing. Lastly, you will begin learning the vocabulary for the numbers 1 to 10.
1.1 Introductions
1.2 Greetings
1.3 Numbers 1 to 10
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to greetings. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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Je me présente. | Let me introduce myself. |
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Je m’appelle… | My name is … |
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Je suis de … | I am from … |
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Je suis étudiant en… (commerce, comptabilité, etc.) | I am a (male) student in… (business, accounting, etc.) |
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Je suis étudiante en… (commerce, comptabilité, etc.) | I am a (female) student in… (business, accounting, etc.) |
Use the next table to review the vocabulary words related to subjects of study. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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le commerce | business |
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la comptabilité | accounting |
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les langues (f) | languages |
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l’anglais (m) | English |
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l’espagnol (m) | Spanish |
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les soins infirmiers (m) | nursing |
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l‘ébénisterie (f) | woodworking |
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l’administration des bureaux (f) | office administration |
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le génie électrique (m) | electrical engineering |
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l’éducation préscolaire (f) | early childhood education |
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l’informatique (f) | computer science |
Complete the following sentences:
Introduce yourself to two of your classmates using the sentences above and listen as two of your classmates introduce themselves to you. Complete the following sentences according to the information they tell you.
Il/Elle s’appelle ______________.
Il/Elle est de ______________.
Il/Elle est étudiant(e) en ______________.
Il/Elle s’appelle ______________.
Il/Elle est de ______________.
Il/Elle est étudiant(e) en ______________.
Introduce one of your classmates to the class.
Modèle : Je vous présente Robert. Il est de Cambridge. Il est étudiant en commerce.
Select the play button to hear an example.
An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
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This section includes content derived from Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA, and Français Interactif, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to greetings. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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Monsieur / Madame / Mademoiselle | Sir / Mrs. / Miss |
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Bonjour, Monsieur | Hello, Sir |
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Bonsoir | Good evening |
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Au revoir | Goodbye |
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Salut! | Hi! or Bye! |
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À tout à l’heure! | See you in a little while. (same day) |
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À ce soir. | See you this evening. |
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À demain. | See you tomorrow. |
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À bientôt. | See you soon. |
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Comment vous appelez-vous? | What’s your name? (formal) |
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Comment tu t’appelles? | What’s your name? (informal) |
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Je m’appelle… | My name is… |
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Comment ça va ? / Ça va ? | How are you? |
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Comment allez-vous ? | How are you? (formal) |
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Comment vas-tu ? | How are you? (informal) |
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Je vais très bien, merci. | I am very well, thank you. |
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Je vais bien, merci. | I am fine, thank you. |
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Pas mal, merci. | Not bad, thank you. |
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Bien, merci! | Great, thanks! |
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Ça va. | O.K. |
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Ça va bien/mal. | Good / bad |
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Comme ci, comme ça. | So-so |
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Et vous ? / Et toi ? | And you? (formal/informal) |
In general, ‘tu’ is used with friends, family, and children. ‘Vous’ is used to express politeness, formality, and social distance. In Quebec, the use of ‘tu’ is far more common, though ‘vous’ is still used to show respect.
Linguistic differences can teach us a great deal about cultural differences. Do you think it is significant that French-speaking cultures have two different words for “you,” while English-speaking cultures do not, or do you think it’s just a coincidence? How does English distinguish formal from informal relationships?
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An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
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Replace the names in the previous dialogue with your own name and that of a classmate. Practice it and present it to the class!
Write a brief dialogue for each of the situations below. Don’t forget to decide whether the situation requires a formal or informal form of address.
In many French-speaking countries, people kiss each other on the cheek or shake hands when they meet. In everyday situations, female friends kiss, while men and mixed couples will kiss or shake hands depending on their level of acquaintance. This action is expressed by the French phrase ‘faire la bise’. While the number of kisses exchanged varies by region, the most common practice is two kisses, one on each cheek, although it is not uncommon to exchange three or even four. In an informal situation, young adults will most often ‘faire la bise’. Older adults or men would normally shake hands. In a formal situation, it is necessary to shake hands with everyone.
This section includes content derived from Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA, and Français Interactif, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to numbers. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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0 | zéro |
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1 | un |
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2 | deux |
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3 | trois |
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4 | quatre |
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5 | cinq |
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6 | six |
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7 | sept |
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8 | huit |
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9 | neuf |
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10 | dix |
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Turn to your neighbour and ask him/her for her telephone number. Don’t forget to include the area code!
You: Quel est ton numéro de téléphone? / What is your phone number?
Your Neighbour: Mon numéro est le __________. My phone number is __________.
This section includes content derived from Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA, and Français Interactif, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
II
In this chapter, you will practice using the vocabulary for classroom items and activities. Following this, you will begin to explore nouns, articles, subject pronouns and the verb être. You’ll finish the chapter by learning the vocabulary for the numbers 11 to 59.
2.1 In the Classroom
2.2 Nouns and Articles
2.3 Subject Pronouns
2.4 The Verb Être
2.5 Les Nombres 11 à 59
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to items found in the classroom. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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La salle de classe | The classroom |
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Qu’est-ce que c’est? | What is it? |
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C’est… | It’s… |
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C’est une salle de classe. | It’s a classroom. |
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Dans la salle de classe, il y a… | In the classroom, there is… |
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une porte | door |
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une fenêtre | window |
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un tableau | blackboard |
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une télévision | television |
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une carte (du monde) | map (of the world) |
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une affiche | poster |
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une chaise | chair |
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un bureau | desk |
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Sur le bureau, il y a… | On the desk, there is… |
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une craie | chalk |
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un crayon | pencil |
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un stylo | pen |
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un cahier | notebook |
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un livre | book |
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un dictionnaire | dictionary |
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un sac à dos | backpack |
This section includes content derived from Tex’s French Grammar, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
A noun is a person, place, or thing. Like English, nouns in French may be singular or plural. However, unlike English, French nouns can be either masculine or feminine. The easiest way of determining the gender of the noun is to learn the noun along with its corresponding definite article.
A definite article is specific, it defines the number and gender of the noun it corresponds to. In English, the only definite article is the, whereas in French there are four of them: la, le, l’ and les.
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | le, l’ | les |
| Feminine | la, l’ | les |
Please note, le or la change to l’ before a noun beginning in a vowel or an h (the h is silent in French).
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | le livre, l’homme | les livres, les hommes |
| Feminine | la chaise, l’amie | les chaises, les amies |
In the examples above, note that le and la both become l’ when they come before a noun beginning with a vowel or a silent h: l’homme, l’université. This is called élision.
When les is followed by a word starting with a vowel, the normally silent final s of les is pronounced, making a /z/ sound. This additional sound linking two words is called liaison.
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As in English, the plural is generally formed by adding an s to the end of the singular form of the noun. Note, however, that the s is not pronounced. In spoken language, the article is often the only indication that a noun is singular or plural.
Generally, to form plurals, you can follow these rules:
Keep in mind that there are exceptions and that not all nouns follow the rules above.
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The second type of articles in French are indefinite articles. These correspond to the English a (an) (singular) and some (plural). Just like the definite article, the indefinite article has different forms for masculine, feminine, and plural.
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | un | des |
| Feminine | une | des |
Don’t forget that to write the plural form of most singular nouns, you add an s to the end of the word.
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | un livre | des livres |
| Feminine | une craie | des craies |
An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
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This section includes content derived from Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA, and Tex’s French Grammar, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
A subject pronoun stands for the subject in a sentence. In French, subject pronouns indicate number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine).
| Person | French | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | Je | I |
| 2nd person | Tu | You |
| 3rd person | Il Elle On |
He/it She/it One/we (colloquial) |
| Person | French | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | Nous | We |
| 2nd person | Vous | You |
| 3rd person | Ils Elles |
They (masculine) They (feminine) |
An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
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This section includes content derived from Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA, and Tex’s French Grammar, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
The verb être (to be) is an irregular verb in the present tense. In il/elle/on est form, the s is not pronounced. In the vous êtes form, the s is pronounced as a s or z to link with the vowel ê in êtes.
| Person | French | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | Je suis | I am |
| 2nd person | Tu es | You are |
| 3rd person | Il est Elle est On est |
He/it is She/it is One is/we are |
| Person | French | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | Nous sommes | We are |
| 2nd person | Vous êtes | You are (formal or plural) |
| 3rd person | Ils sont Elles sont |
They (masc.) are They (fem.) are |
An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
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This section includes content derived from Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA, and Tex’s French Grammar, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to numbers. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
|
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11 | onze |
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12 | douze |
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13 | treize |
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14 | quatorze |
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15 | quinze |
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16 | seize |
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17 | dix-sept |
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18 | dix-huit |
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19 | dix-neuf |
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20 | vingt |
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21 | vingt et un |
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22 | vingt-deux |
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23 | vingt-trois |
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24 | vingt-quatre |
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25 | vingt-cinq |
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26 | vingt-six |
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27 | vingt-sept |
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28 | vingt-huit |
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29 | vingt-neuf |
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30 | trente |
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31 | trente et un |
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32 | trente-deux |
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33 | trente-trois |
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34 | trente-quatre |
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35 | trente-cinq |
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36 | trente-six |
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37 | trente-sept |
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38 | trente-huit |
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39 | trente-neuf |
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40 | quarante |
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41 | quarante et un |
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42 | quarante-deux |
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43 | quarante-trois |
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44 | quarante-quatre |
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45 | quarante-cinq |
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46 | quarante-six |
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47 | quarante-sept |
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48 | quarante-huit |
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49 | quarante-neuf |
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50 | cinquante |
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51 | cinquante et un |
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52 | cinquante-deux |
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53 | cinquante-trois |
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54 | cinquante-quatre |
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55 | cinquante-cinq |
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56 | cinquante-six |
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57 | cinquante-sept |
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58 | cinquante-huit |
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59 | cinquante-neuf |
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Ask five different people in the classroom about their age. Write down their name (prénom) and age (âge).
Modèle : Quel âge as-tu? J’ai vingt ans./ How old are you? I’m twenty years old.
Select the play button to hear an example.
An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
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This section includes content derived from Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA.
III
In this chapter, you will practice using the vocabulary for days, months and dates. Following this, you will begin to explore adjectives and the verb avoir. Lastly, you’ll finish the chapter by learning words for family members, and applying possessive adjectives to describe your relationship to family members.
3.1 La Date
3.2 Adjectives
3.3 The Verb Avoir
3.4 La Famille
3.5 Possessive Adjectives
In French, the days of the week (les jours de la semaine) are not capitalized, and the week (la semaine) begins on Monday (lundi).
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to days of the week. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
|
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le calendrier | the calendar |
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le jour | the day |
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Quels sont les jours de la semaine? | What are the days of the week? |
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lundi | Monday |
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mardi | Tuesday |
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mercredi | Wednesday |
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jeudi | Thursday |
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vendredi | Friday |
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samedi | Saturday |
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dimanche | Sunday |
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C’est quel jour? | What day is it? |
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C’est lundi. | It’s Monday. |
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aujourd’hui | today |
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demain | tomorrow |
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la semaine | the week |
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la semaine prochaine | next week |
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la semaine dernière | last week |
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le week-end ou le fin de semaine | the weekend |
In French, the months (les mois) are also not capitalized. The date (la date) is written in the following manner: le + cardinal number + month. The only exception is the first of the month, which requires the use of an ordinal number (le premier/the first).
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to months and dates. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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Quelle est la date? | What’s the date? |
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C’est le premier septembre. | It’s September 1st. |
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C’est le deux octobre. | It’s October 2nd. |
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C’est le 30 août. | It’s August 30th. |
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le mois | the month |
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Quels sont les mois de l’année? | What are the months of the year? |
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janvier | January |
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février | February |
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mars | March |
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avril | April |
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mai | May |
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juin | June |
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juillet | July |
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août | August |
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septembre | September |
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octobre | October |
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novembre | November |
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décembre | December |
An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. The major differences between adjectives in French and English are agreement and placement. In English, an adjective usually comes before the noun it modifies and it does not change. In French, an adjective is usually placed after the noun it modifies and must agree in gender and number with the noun.
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words that are examples of common adjectives. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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ennuyeux / ennuyeuse | boring |
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heureux / heureuse | happy |
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intelligent / intelligente | intelligent |
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intéressant / intéressante | interesting |
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nerveux / nerveuse | nervous |
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paresseux / paresseuse | lazy |
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sérieux / sérieuse | serious |
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sportif / sportive | athletic |
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timide | shy, timid |
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travailleur / travailleuse | hard-working |
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bon / bonne | good |
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grand / grande | tall, big |
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gros / grosse | big, fat |
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jeune | young |
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mauvais / mauvaise | bad |
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petit / petite | little |
In French, adjectives agree in both number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine) with the noun or pronoun they modify. For regular adjectives, the masculine form is the base form to which endings are added.
Generally, the feminine adjective is formed by adding an e and the plural adjective is formed by adding s:
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | intelligent | intelligents |
| Feminine | intelligente | intelligentes |
If the masculine singular ends in e: do not change feminine, add an s for plural:
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | timide | timides |
| Feminine | timide | timides |
If the masculine singular adjective ends in an s, add an e for feminine and s for feminine plural, but do not add an s for masculine plural:
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | français | français |
| Feminine | française | françaises |
Two other common changes occur with adjectives ending in f and x. If the masculine singular adjective ends in f, then it changes to ve in the feminine:
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | actif | actifs |
| Feminine | active | actives |
If the masculine singular adjective ends in x, then it changes to se in the feminine (but remains x in the masculine plural):
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | heureux | heureux |
| Feminine | heureuse | heureuses |
In French, most adjectives come after the noun, unlike in English where the adjective precedes the noun:
However, some adjectives are placed before the noun:
The following are adjectives commonly placed before the noun:
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Un beau livre. | A beautiful book. |
| Un bon professeur. | A good professor. |
| Un grand ordinateur. | A big computer. |
| Un gros dictionnaire. | A fat dictionary. |
| Une jeune fille. | A young girl. |
| Un mauvais étudiant. | A bad student. |
| Un nouveau sac à dos. | A new backpack. |
| Un petit garçon. | A small boy. |
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Name people who fit each of the descriptions. Don’t forget to look up any words you don’t recognize.
This section includes content derived from Français Interactif, originally released under CC BY 3.0, Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA, and Tex’s French Grammar, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
Like être, the verb avoir (to have) is an irregular verb in the present tense. That means that its conjugation does not follow a regular pattern and all its forms must be memorized.
| Person | French | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | J’ai | I have |
| 2nd person | Tu as | You have |
| 3rd person | Il a Elle a On a |
He/it has She/it has One has/we have |
| Person | French | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | Nous avons | We have |
| 2nd person | Vous avez | You have (formal or plural) |
| 3rd person | Ils ont Elles ont |
They (masc.) have They (fem.) have |
To show possession:
To talk about age (avoir + number + ans):
To express “there is/there are”:
Select the play button to hear an example.
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This section includes content derived from Avoir Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA.
Review the following vocabulary words related to the family.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
|
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la famille | the family |
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un homme | man |
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une femme | woman, wife |
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un mari | husband |
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un fiancé / une fiancée | fiancé / fiancée |
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des parents | parents, relatives |
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un père, un papa | father, dad |
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une mere, une maman | mother, mom |
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un/une enfant | child |
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un fils | son |
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une fille | daughter |
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un fils unique | only child (male) |
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une fille unique | only child (female) |
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un frère | brother |
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une soeur | sister |
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des grands-parents (m) | grandparents |
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un grand-père | grandfather |
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une grand-mère | grandmother |
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un oncle | uncle |
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une tante | aunt |
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un neveu | nephew |
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une nièce | niece |
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This section includes content derived from Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA, and Français Interactif, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
As demonstrated in the previous exercise, in French you can indicate possession by using the preposition de:
You can also indicate possession by using a possessive adjective, the equivalent of “my,” “her,” “our,” etc. Possessive adjectives are used before the noun and must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. Thus, if the noun is feminine, the possessive article must be feminine. For example, the feminine noun famille requires a feminine form.
| MASCULINE SINGULAR | FEMININE SINGULAR | PLURAL | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|---|
| mon | ma | mes | my |
| ton | ta | tes | your (familiar) |
| son | sa | ses | his or her or its |
| notre | notre | nos | our |
| votre | votre | vos | your (formal or plural) |
| leur | leur | leurs | their |
Note that the possessive adjective sa has three potential translations in English: his, her, or its. To determine which meaning is intended, you must look at the context.
We use mon, ton and son with feminine singular nouns that begin with a vowel or with an h.
Example: Mon amie. / My (feminine) friend.
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This section includes content derived from Français Interactif, originally released under CC BY 3.0, Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA, and Tex’s French Grammar, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
Describe your family with an adjective for each family member. Make sure you use different adjectives for each person.
Draw your family tree (un arbre généalogique) and explain it to a classmate.
Modèle: Il y a six personnes dans ma famille. Mon père s’appelle Philippe et ma mère s’appelle Pauline. Mon père a cinquante-cinq ans. J’ai 2 frères…
This section includes content derived from Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA.
IV
In this chapter, you will practice using the vocabulary for describing places in the city, and use this vocabulary to express where you are going, where you are from, and where you are located. Lastly, you will learn the vocabulary for the numbers 60 to 100.
4.1 La Ville Part 1
4.2 La Ville Part 2
4.3 Les petits commerces
4.4 The Verb Aller
4.5 Expressions with Être
4.6 Les Nombres 60 à 100
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to parts of a city. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
|
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la ville | city |
|
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une place | public square |
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une rue | street |
|
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un boulevard | boulevard |
|
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une avenue | avenue |
|
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un quartier | neighbourhood |
|
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l’arrondissement (m) | administrative district in a large city (e.g. Paris) |
|
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le centre-ville | downtown |
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la banlieue | suburbs |
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un bâtiment | building |
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un bureau | office |
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un immeuble | apartment building |
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une maison | house |
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un hôtel | hotel |
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une boutique | boutique |
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un magasin | store |
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un centre commercial | shopping center, mall |
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un supermarché | supermarket |
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un café | café |
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un restaurant | restaurant |
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un musée | museum |
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un cinéma | movie theater |
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une boîte de nuit / une discothèque | a nightclub, dance club |
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un théâtre | theater |
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un stade | stadium |
This section includes content derived from Français Interactif, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
1
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to parts of a city. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
|
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un parking | parking lot |
|
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un parc | park |
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un jardin public | park, large garden |
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un fleuve | river |
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un pont | bridge |
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une banque | bank |
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un bureau de poste | post office |
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une boîte aux lettres | mailbox |
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une cabine téléphonique | phone booth |
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une laverie | laundromat |
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l’hôtel de ville (m) | city hall, mayor’s office |
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la mairie | city hall, mayor’s office |
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l’office du tourisme (m) | tourist information office |
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un hôpital | hospital |
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un aéroport | airport |
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une gare | train station |
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une école (6 ans à 11 ans) | school |
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un collège (11 ans à 15 ans) | junior high, middle school |
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un lycée (15 ans à 18 ans) | high school |
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une université | university |
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une bibliothèque | library |
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une église | church |
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une cathédrale | cathedral |
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une mosquée | mosque |
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une synagogue | synagogue |
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un temple (protestant) | temple |
This section includes content derived from Français Interactif, originally released under CC BY.
2
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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une épicerie | grocery store |
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une boucherie | butcher shop |
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une charcuterie | pork butcher’s shop, deli |
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un traiteur | deli, catering shop |
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une boulangerie | bakery |
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une pâtisserie | pastry shop |
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un bureau de tabac | tobacco shop |
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une librairie | bookstore |
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une papeterie | paper/stationery store |
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une pharmacie | pharmacy |
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Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to asking for and giving directions / getting your bearings. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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Où se trouve…? | Where is…? |
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(Où se trouve la poste?) | (Where is the post office?) MISSING IN AUDIO FILE |
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à côté (de) | beside, next to |
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à deux pas (de) | just a step from |
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à droite (de) | on the right |
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à gauche (de) | on the left |
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au bout (de) | at the far end of |
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au carrefour (de) | at the intersection of |
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au centre | in the center |
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au coin (de) | at the corner of |
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chez | at someone’s house |
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derrière | behind |
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devant | in front of |
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en face (de) | facing, opposite |
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en ville | in the city |
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loin (de) | far |
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près (de) | near, close |
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sous | under |
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sur | on |
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sur votre droite/gauche | on your right/left |
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tout droit | straight ahead |
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tout près | nearby |
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The verb aller is irregular in the present tense. In the nous and vous forms liaison occurs; the s of the pronoun is linked to the following vowel sound and pronounced like a z.
| Person | French | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | Je vais | I go |
| 2nd person | Tu vas | You go |
| 3rd person | Il va Elle va On va |
He/it goes She/it goes One goes/we go |
| Person | French | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | Nous allons | We go |
| 2nd person | Vous allez | You go (formal or plural) |
| 3rd person | Ils vont Elles vont |
They (masculine) go They (feminine) go |
To express that you are going somewhere in French, you must use the correct form of the present tense of the verb aller and the preposition à:
The preposition à must change form before the masculine definite or plural definite article that accompanies the noun (place). The various combinations of à + aller are as follows:
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Conjugate the verb and combine the elements qui et où (who and where) with the correct form of the preposition à to indicate in a phrase (sentence) where each person is going. Remember that the preposition à must change form before the masculine definite or plural definite article.
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To express a place of origin (where you are from), you can use the verb être and the preposition de (from):
être + de + ville/pays
Je suis de Paris. / I am from Paris.
To express where you are located (at), you can use the verb être and the preposition à (at):
Don’t forget that it is necessary to make changes to the preposition à if it is followed by a masculine definite article (à + le = au) or plural definite article (à + les = aux).
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From 60-99, numbers in standard French are counted by 20s instead of by 10s. This means that to say “77,” you say “60-17.”
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to numbers. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | NUMBER | FRENCH SPELLING |
|---|---|---|
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60 | soixante |
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61 | soixante et un |
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62 | soixante-deux |
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63 | soixante-trois |
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64 | soixante-quatre |
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65 | soixante-cinq |
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66 | soixante-six |
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67 | soixante-sept |
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68 | soixante-huit |
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69 | soixante-neuf |
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70 | soixante-dix |
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71 | soixante et onze |
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72 | soixante-douze |
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73 | soixante-treize |
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74 | soixante-quatorze |
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75 | soixante-quinze |
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76 | soixante-seize |
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77 | soixante-dix-sept |
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78 | soixante-dix-huit |
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79 | soixante-dix-neuf |
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80 | quatre-vingts |
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81 | quatre-vingt-un |
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82 | quatre-vingt-deux |
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83 | quatre-vingt-trois |
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84 | quatre-vingt-quatre |
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85 | quatre-vingt-cinq |
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86 | quatre-vingt-six |
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87 | quatre-vingt-sept |
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88 | quatre-vingt-huit |
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89 | quatre-vingt-neuf |
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90 | quatre-vingt-dix |
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91 | quatre-vingt-onze |
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92 | quatre-vingt-douze |
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93 | quatre-vingt-treize |
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94 | quatre-vingt-quatorze |
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95 | quatre-vingt-quinze |
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96 | quatre-vingt-seize |
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97 | quatre-vingt-dix-sept |
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98 | quatre-vingt-dix-huit |
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99 | quatre-vingt-dix-neuf |
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100 | cent |
In most French-speaking countries, including France, Canada, and former French colonies in Africa and the Caribbean, numbers from 60 to 100 are counted by 20s instead of by 10s. This is generally considered to be a remnant of the Celtic language spoken in France before the Romans invaded. French speakers in Belgium, Switzerland, and the former Belgian colonies in Africa have adopted somewhat easier systems. In the Belgian system, soixante-dix = septante and quatre-vingt-dix = nonante. However, the vast majority of French speakers use the standard French form.
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V
In this chapter, you will practice using the vocabulary for describing pastimes and activities, and use this vocabulary to engage in related conversations. Secondly, you’ll explore the singular and plural forms of regular verbs commonly used in conversation. Lastly, you will learn the vocabulary for the numbers 100 to 30 000!
5.1 Les Passe-Temps et Les Activités
5.2 Regular Verbs
5.3 Les Nombres 100 à 30 000
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to pastimes and activities. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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aimer | to like, to love |
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la musique classique | classical music |
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le jazz | jazz |
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le hip-hop | hip-hop |
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le basket | basketball |
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le golf | golf |
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le hockey | hockey |
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le tennis | tennis |
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le football | football |
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le volleyball | volleyball |
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les cartes (f) | cards |
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jouer à (+ a sport) | to play (+ a sport) |
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jouer de (+ an instrument) | to play (+ an instrument) |
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la guitare | guitar |
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le piano | piano |
Ask a neighbour about his favourite music, past time or activity.
Q: Quel est ton passe-temps préféré?
R: Mon passe-temps préféré est _____________.
Q: Quel est ta musique préféré?
R: Ma musique préféré est _____________.
Select the play button to hear an example.
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The verbs aimer (to like, to love) and jouer (to play) are regular –er verbs in the present tense. This means that when they are conjugated they follow a similar pattern.
Every verb has two parts: the stem and the ending. The stem is the verb’s main part, it generally remains unchanged as it conveys the meaning. The ending for its part, will change to indicate the subject who is performing the action and the verb tense (past, present or future). For example, in the infinitive (the unconjugated form) the verb aimer is made up of the stem (“aim”) and the ending (“er”).
To conjugate the verb, the first step is to drop the infinitive ending (“er”) and add the ending that is specific to the subject (e, es, e, ons, ez, ent).
verb stem + ending (e, es, e, ons, ez, ent).
The verb aimer (to love, to like) can be used to express preferences or likes and dislikes:
In French, to negate an affirmative sentence or to write a negative sentence ne … pas is placed around the conjugated verb. Note that the ne changes to n’ before a verb beginning with a vowel or a silent h.
| Person | French | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Person Singular | J’ aime | I love |
| 2nd Person Singular | Tu aimes | You love |
| 3rd Person Singular | Il/elle/on aime | He/she/one loves |
| 1st Person Plural | Nous aimons | We love |
| 2nd Person Plural | Vous aimez | You love (formal or plural) |
| 3rd Person Plural | Ils/elles aiment | They love |
The verb jouer (to play) is typically used to talk about playing a sport or an instrument, but in French it requires a preposition, as you will see later on.
| Person | French | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Person Singular | Je joue | I play |
| 2nd Person Singular | Tu joues | You play |
| 3rd Person Singular | Il/elle/on joue | He/she/one plays |
| 1st Person Plural | Nous jouons | We play |
| 2nd Person Plural | Vous jouez | You play (formal or plural) |
| 3rd Person Plural | Ils/elles jouent | They play |
To talk about playing certain sports, we use the verb jouer:
Note that that the noun (sport) must be accompanied by a definite article (le, la, l’, les) and as a result the preposition à may require a change (à + le = au, à + les = aux).
We can also use the verb jouer (to play) with the preposition de to talk about playing an instrument:
The preposition de requires certain changes when accompanied by a definite article:
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To conjugate other regular verbs that end in er, you follow the same pattern: using the verb stem (after dropping the infinitive ending er), you need to add the ending that corresponds to the subject.
Regular Verb Conjugation
verb stem + ending (e, es, e, ons, ez, ent)
For example, ils + danser (they + to dance) becomes ils dansent (they dance).
Review the following list of activities.
| FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|
| chanter (du karaoké) | to sing (karaoke) |
| danser | to dance |
| écouter | to listen |
| étudier (le français) | to study (French) |
| parler (à la fête) | to speak (at the party) |
| manger (de la pizza) | to eat (pizza) |
| surfer sur internet | to surf the internet |
| téléphoner (à un ami) | to phone (a friend) |
| utiliser (l’ordinateur) | to use (the computer) |
| acheter* | to buy |
* Please note, the e in the last syllable of the acheter stem changes to è for all the conjugations, except nous and vous (j’achète, tu achètes, il/elle/on achète, nous achetons, vous achetez, ils/elles achètent).
Several of the activities are depicted in the pictures below. Write a sentence describing what each person in the pictures is doing. Don’t forget to conjugate the verb!
This section includes content derived from Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA, and Tex’s French Grammar, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
Numbers from 100-999 simply combine the different numbers you have already learned.
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to numbers. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | ENGLISH | FRENCH SPELLING |
|---|---|---|
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100 | cent |
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102 | cent-deux |
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103 | cent-trois |
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200 | deux-cents |
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300 | trois-cents |
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400 | quatre-cents |
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500 | cinq-cents |
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600 | six-cents |
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700 | sept-cents |
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800 | huit-cents |
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900 | neuf-cents |
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1 000 | mille |
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2 000 | deux-mille |
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3 000 | trois-mille |
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10 000 | dix-mille |
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30 000 | trente-mille |
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VI
In this chapter, you will practice using the vocabulary for describing the weather and seasons. You will also continue your exploration of irregular verbs by reviewing the uses of the verb faire (to do or make).
6.1 Le Temps
6.2 Les Saisons
6.3 The Verb Faire
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to the weather Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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Quel temps fait-il? | What’s the weather? |
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Il fait beau. | It’s nice. |
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Il fait chaud. | It’s hot. |
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Il fait du soleil. / Il y a du soleil. | It’s sunny. |
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Il fait frais. | It’s cool. |
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Il fait mauvais. | It’s bad. |
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Il fait froid. | It’s cold. |
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Il fait du brouillard. / Il y a du brouillard. | It’s foggy. |
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Il fait du vent. / Il y a du vent. | It’s windy. |
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Il y a des nuages. | It’s cloudy. |
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Il y a des orages. | There are storms. |
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Il pleut. | It’s raining. |
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Il neige. | It’s snowing. |
This section includes content derived from Français Interactif, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to the seasons. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
|
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le printemps / au printemps | spring / in the spring |
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l’été (masculine) / en été | summer / in the summer |
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l’automne (masculine) / en automne | fall / in the fall |
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l’hiver (masculine) / en hiver | winter / in the winter |
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An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
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This section includes content derived from Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA.
The verb faire (to do or to make) is an irregular verb, used both literally, meaning to do or to make, and in many expressions. For example, as you have just learned, for certain weather expressions we use faire. When we talk about sports, we can also use faire:
You can use the verb faire to ask a question: Qu’est-ce que vous faites? (“What are you doing?”). Usually you will reply not with the verb faire itself, but with the verb that describes the activity you are doing.
Q: Charles, que fais-tu? (Charles, what are you doing?)
R: Je mange un sandwich. (I’m eating a sandwich.)
Select the play button to hear an example.
An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/introductiontofrench2nded/?p=103#h5p-51
| Person | French | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | Je fais | I do/make |
| 2nd person singular | Tu fais | You do/make |
| 3rd Person singular | Il/elle/on fait | He/she does/makes |
| 1st person plural | Nous faisons | We do/make |
| 2nd person plural | Vous faites | You do/make (formal or plural) |
| 3rd person plural | Ils/elles font | They make |
An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
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An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
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This section includes content derived from Liberté, originally released under CC BY-NC-SA.
VII
In this chapter, you will practice using the vocabulary for describing items used at the table, and various foods. You will learn when and how to use partitive articles. Lastly, you will explore vocabulary terms for various type of stores where food can be purchased.
7.1 Sur La table
7.2 Les Aliments
7.3 Partitive Articles
7.4 Les Magasins D’alimentation
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to items found at the dinner table. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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un verre | glass |
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une tasse | cup |
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un bol | bowl |
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une assiette | plate |
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un couteau | knife |
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une fourchette | fork |
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une cuillère | spoon |
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la cuisine | kitchen |
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les repas | meals |
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le déjeuner (QC) | breakfast |
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le dîner (QC) | lunch |
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le souper(QC) | dinner |
In Quebec, Switzerland and Belgium the three main meals are: le déjeuner, le dîner et le souper (breakfast, lunch and dinner). In France these meals have slightly different names: le petit-déjeuner, le déjeuner et le dîner.
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to foods. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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Des fruits (masculine) | Fruits |
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des bananes (feminine) | bananas |
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des fraises (feminine) | strawberries |
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des oranges (feminine) | oranges |
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des pommes (feminine) | apples |
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des kiwis (masculine) | kiwis |
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des melons d’eau (masculine) | watermelons |
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Des légumes (masculine) | Vegetables |
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de l’ail (masculine) | garlic |
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des carottes (feminine) | carrots |
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des choux (masculine) | cabbages |
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une/de la laitue | lettuce |
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des poivrons rouges (masculine) | red peppers |
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des pommes de terre (feminine) | potatoes |
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des tomates (feminine) | tomatoes |
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Les aliments | Food |
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de la viande | meat |
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du poulet | chicken |
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du poisson | fish |
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du porc | pork |
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du pain | bread |
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des œufs | eggs |
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du jambon | ham |
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du lait | milk |
Make a list of the foods you like and don’t like to eat.
J’aime (I love)…
Je déteste (I hate)…
Select the play button to hear an example.
An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
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Partitive articles are used both in English and in French to express quantities that cannot be counted. While the indefinite article (un, une, des) is used with countable quantities (un oeuf, deux oeufs, etc.), the partitive article is used before nouns that are indivisible or uncountable. In English, we use the article “some” to that end, but it is often omitted.
There are three partitive articles in French:
| ARTICLE | EXAMPLE | ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
|---|---|---|
| du | du pain (masculine) | (some) bread |
| de la | de la viande (feminine) | (some) meat |
| de l’ (masculine) | de l’ail (masculine) | (some) garlic |
| de l’ (feminine) | de l’eau (feminine) | (some) water |
While the definite article designates something in its totality or as a whole, the partitive article designates a part of the whole. Depending on what you want to say, the same noun may be introduced by a definite, an indefinite, or a partitive article. Compare these examples:
In negative sentences, partitive articles (du, de la, des, de l’) change to de:
This section includes content derived from Français Interactif, originally released under CC BY 3.0 and Tex’s French Grammar, originally released under CC BY 3.0.
Use the table below to review the vocabulary words related to specialty food shops. Listen to the French pronunciations using the following audio recording.
| AUDIO | FRENCH | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
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le supermarché | supermarket |
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le marché | farmer’s market |
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la fromagerie | cheese shop |
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la boucherie | butcher shop |
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la charcuterie | deli |
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la poissonnerie | fish shop |
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l’épicerie | local grocery store |
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le dépanneur (QC) | corner store |
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la boulangerie | bakery |
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la pâtisserie | pastry shop |
Les dépanneurs (also known as deps) are a type of corner store in Quebec. They are very popular given that they are always nearby, are open late, and sell beer, wine and food staples. The word comes from the French en panne, which means out of order or not working, so dépanneur would loosely translate as “get out of trouble” or “troubleshoot.”
Complete the table below by writing in the items that you can buy at each of the specialty food shops. Don’t forget to include the correct partitive article.
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