<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!-- This is a WordPress eXtended RSS file generated by WordPress as an export of your site. -->
<!-- It contains information about your site's posts, pages, comments, categories, and other content. -->
<!-- You may use this file to transfer that content from one site to another. -->
<!-- This file is not intended to serve as a complete backup of your site. -->

<!-- To import this information into a WordPress site follow these steps: -->
<!-- 1. Log in to that site as an administrator. -->
<!-- 2. Go to Tools: Import in the WordPress admin panel. -->
<!-- 3. Install the "WordPress" importer from the list. -->
<!-- 4. Activate & Run Importer. -->
<!-- 5. Upload this file using the form provided on that page. -->
<!-- 6. You will first be asked to map the authors in this export file to users -->
<!--    on the site. For each author, you may choose to map to an -->
<!--    existing user on the site or to create a new user. -->
<!-- 7. WordPress will then import each of the posts, pages, comments, categories, etc. -->
<!--    contained in this file into your site. -->

	<!-- generator="WordPress/6.9.4" created="2026-05-24 08:20" -->
<rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:excerpt="http://wordpress.org/export/1.2/excerpt/"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:wp="http://wordpress.org/export/1.2/"
>

<channel>
	<title>Synthèses de recherches en fls </title>
	<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls</link>
	<description>Simple Book Publishing</description>
	<pubDate>Sun, 24 May 2026 08:20:40 +0000</pubDate>
	<language>en-US</language>
	<wp:wxr_version>1.2</wp:wxr_version>
	<wp:base_site_url>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/</wp:base_site_url>
	<wp:base_blog_url>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls</wp:base_blog_url>

		<wp:author><wp:author_id>1</wp:author_id><wp:author_login><![CDATA[pressbooks]]></wp:author_login><wp:author_email><![CDATA[ops@pressbooks.com]]></wp:author_email><wp:author_display_name><![CDATA[pressbooks]]></wp:author_display_name><wp:author_first_name><![CDATA[]]></wp:author_first_name><wp:author_last_name><![CDATA[]]></wp:author_last_name></wp:author>
	<wp:author><wp:author_id>6653</wp:author_id><wp:author_login><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></wp:author_login><wp:author_email><![CDATA[dsdunand@yorku.ca]]></wp:author_email><wp:author_display_name><![CDATA[Dominique Scheffel-Dunand]]></wp:author_display_name><wp:author_first_name><![CDATA[Dominique]]></wp:author_first_name><wp:author_last_name><![CDATA[Scheffel-Dunand]]></wp:author_last_name></wp:author>

		<wp:category>
		<wp:term_id>1</wp:term_id>
		<wp:category_nicename><![CDATA[uncategorized]]></wp:category_nicename>
		<wp:category_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:category_parent>
		<wp:cat_name><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></wp:cat_name>
	</wp:category>
				<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>24</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[about-the-author]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[About the Author]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>25</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[about-the-publisher]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[About the Publisher]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>2</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[abstracts]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Abstract]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>3</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[acknowledgements]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Acknowledgements]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>26</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[acknowledgements]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Acknowledgements]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>27</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[afterword]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Afterword]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>60</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[license]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[all-rights-reserved]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[All Rights Reserved]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>28</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[appendix]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Appendix]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>29</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[authors-note]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Author's Note]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>30</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[back-of-book-ad]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Back of Book Ad]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>4</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[before-title]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Before Title Page]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>31</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[bibliography]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Bibliography]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>32</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[biographical-note]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Biographical Note]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>54</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[license]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[cc-by]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[CC BY (Attribution)]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>57</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[license]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[cc-by-nc]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[CC BY-NC (Attribution NonCommercial)]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>59</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[license]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[cc-by-nc-nd]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives)]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>58</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[license]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[cc-by-nc-sa]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[CC BY-NC-SA (Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike)]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>56</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[license]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[cc-by-nd]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[CC BY-ND (Attribution NoDerivatives)]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>55</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[license]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[cc-by-sa]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[CC BY-SA (Attribution ShareAlike)]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>53</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[license]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[cc-zero]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[CC0 (Creative Commons Zero)]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>5</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[chronology-timeline]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Chronology, Timeline]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>33</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[colophon]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Colophon]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>34</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[conclusion]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Conclusion]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>35</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[contributors]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Contributors]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>6</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[contributors]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Contributors]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>36</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[credits]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Credits]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>37</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[dedication]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Dedication]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>7</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[dedication]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Dedication]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>8</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[disclaimer]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Disclaimer]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>63</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[contributor]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Dominique Scheffel-Dunand]]></wp:term_name>
		<wp:termmeta>
			<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[contributor_first_name]]></wp:meta_key>
			<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[Dominique]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:termmeta>
		<wp:termmeta>
			<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[contributor_last_name]]></wp:meta_key>
			<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[Scheffel-Dunand]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:termmeta>
		<wp:termmeta>
			<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[contributor_picture]]></wp:meta_key>
			<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/app/uploads/sites/6828/2017/06/profile.png]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:termmeta>
		<wp:termmeta>
			<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[contributor_description]]></wp:meta_key>
			<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[Dominique Scheffel-Dunand is Associate professor in linguistics in the French studies department (LAPS) at York university.  She is one of the co-leads of the York FSL Hub Camerise (an initiative funded by the Ontario Ministry of Education and the Department of Canadian Heritage to develop a repertory for FSL OER as well as a web interface to engage communities of research and practice in FSL education). Dominique 's research interests include psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, Language acquisition, open pedagogy and open communities. She is a member of York's Open Education Steering Committee.
===
Dominique Scheffel-Dunand est professeure agrégée de linguistique au département d'études françaises (LAPS) de l'université de York.  Elle est l'une des co-chercheuses du FSL Hub Camerise (une initiative financée par le ministère de l'Éducation de l'Ontario et le ministère du Patrimoine canadien pour développer un répertoire de REL en FLS ainsi qu'une interface web pour impliquer les communautés de recherche et de pratique dans l'enseignement du FLS). Ses domaines de recherche sont la psycholinguistique, la sociolinguistique, l'analyse du discours, l'acquisition des langues, la pédagogie ouverte et les communautés ouvertes. Elle est membre du comité directeur de l'éducation ouverte aux services des bibliothèques de l'université York.]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:termmeta>
		<wp:termmeta>
			<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[contributor_institution]]></wp:meta_key>
			<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[Université York/York university]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:termmeta>
		<wp:termmeta>
			<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[contributor_user_url]]></wp:meta_key>
			<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[https://profiles.laps.yorku.ca/profiles/dsdunand/]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:termmeta>
		<wp:termmeta>
			<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[contributor_linkedin]]></wp:meta_key>
			<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[https://www.linkedin.com/in/dominique-scheffel-dunand/?originalSubdomain=ca]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:termmeta>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>9</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[epigraph]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Epigraph]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>38</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[epilogue]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Epilogue]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>10</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[foreword]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Foreword]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>11</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[genealogy-family-tree]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Genealogy, Family Tree]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>39</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[glossary]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Glossary]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>12</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[image-credits]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Image credits]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>40</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[index]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Index]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>13</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[introduction]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Introduction]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>14</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[list-of-abbreviations]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[List of Abbreviations]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>15</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[list-of-characters]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[List of Characters]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>16</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[list-of-illustrations]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[List of Illustrations]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>17</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[list-of-tables]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[List of Tables]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>51</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[glossary-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[miscellaneous]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Miscellaneous]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>41</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[miscellaneous]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Miscellaneous]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>18</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[miscellaneous]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Miscellaneous]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>42</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[notes]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Notes]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>50</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[chapter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[numberless]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Numberless]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>61</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[license]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[ontario_ocl]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Ontario Commons License]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>62</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[license]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[ontario_ocl_nd]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Ontario Commons License – No Derivatives]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>19</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[other-books]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Other Books by Author]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>43</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[other-books]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Other Books by Author]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>44</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[permissions]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Permissions]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>20</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[preface]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Preface]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>21</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[prologue]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Prologue]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>52</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[license]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[public-domain]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Public Domain]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>45</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[reading-group-guide]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Reading Group Guide]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>22</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[recommended-citation]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Recommended citation]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>46</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[resources]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Resources]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>47</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[sources]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Sources]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>49</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[chapter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[standard]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Standard]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>48</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[back-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[suggested-reading]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Suggested Reading]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		<wp:term>
		<wp:term_id>23</wp:term_id>
		<wp:term_taxonomy><![CDATA[front-matter-type]]></wp:term_taxonomy>
		<wp:term_slug><![CDATA[title-page]]></wp:term_slug>
		<wp:term_parent><![CDATA[]]></wp:term_parent>
		<wp:term_name><![CDATA[Title Page]]></wp:term_name>
	</wp:term>
		
	<generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4</generator>

		<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Main Body]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/part/main-body/</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:59:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/?p=3</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>3</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[main-body]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>0</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>1</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[part]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
														</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Introduction]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/front-matter/introduction/</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:59:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/?p=4</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[Ce document vise à résumer le travail de recherche et de synthèse accompli par une équipe de Camerise entre juin 2020 et juin 2021. Cette synthèse vise trois thèmes globaux au Canada :
<ul>
 	<li><strong>Thème 1 : la démographie des enseignants et des élèves;</strong></li>
 	<li><strong>Thème 2 : La pénurie des enseignants FLS;</strong></li>
 	<li><strong>Thème 3 : L’insécurité linguistique des élèves et des enseignants.</strong></li>
</ul>
Pour chaque thème, plusieurs sous-thèmes sont identifiés et des articles clés, ainsi que des citations pertinentes, sont offerts à consulter. Nous vous encourageons à explorer <a href="https://camerisefsl.ca/boards/dmitrinorenberg/synthese-de-recherche" target="_blank" rel="noopener">les autres articles trouvés dans Camerise</a> qui représentent ces thèmes.
<h2><strong>Dans cette synthèse, les mots clés qui ressortent sont :</strong></h2>]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>4</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:09:15]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:09:15]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[open]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[introduction]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>0</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>1</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[front-matter]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
										<category domain="front-matter-type" nicename="introduction"><![CDATA[Introduction]]></category>
						<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_edit_last]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[6653]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[pb_show_title]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[on]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Thème 1 : Démographie dans les programmes FLS]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/chapter/chapter-1/</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:59:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/?p=5</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[Ce thème vise à concrétiser les parties se trouvant dans la salle de classe FLS, et les parties qui y manquent.

Les articles consultés sont des survols des programmes FLS en Ontario et au Canada, des études de l’inclusion ainsi que l’exclusion des élèves allophones, des élèves appartenant aux populations minoritaires et des élèves ayant des besoins particuliers.

<strong>Le tout revient à la question de l’équité et de l’accès à l’éducation de la langue française de haute qualité pour tout.e apprenant.e et tout.e enseignant.e  </strong>
<div id="h5p-interactive-book-section-760ef660-9cc1-4c44-9532-d83d7c71226f" class="h5p-column-content h5p-advanced-text">

<strong>Mots clés</strong>

</div>
<div id="h5p-interactive-book-section-74c3ebdd-80f3-4aa1-b1b6-f91a5f72783f" class="h5p-column-content h5p-table">
<table class="grid" border="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>équité dans la classe FLS</strong></td>
<td><strong>défis du programme FLS</strong></td>
<td><strong>croyances des enseignants</strong></td>
<td><strong>politiques linguistiques</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2><span style="color: #ffffff;background-color: #800080"><strong>Sous-thème 1 : Équité et accès aux programmes FLS</strong></span></h2>
Il est impossible de traiter la démographie des élèves aux programmes FLS sans porter l’accent sur l’équité et l’accès. Plusieurs études ont déjà souligné le caractère élitiste des programmes d’immersion française, qui est néanmoins ressenti par les élèves de tous les programmes FLS.

Faisant face à un manque d’accès égal, du matériel pédagogique qui ne les représente pas, ainsi que les enseignant.e.s homogènes, les élèves se sentent exclus - pourquoi continuer à apprendre le français dans un tel environnement ?

<strong>Ressource clé 1 : <a href="https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Portals/0/docs/TDSB%20French%20Programs%20Review%20Mar082019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Toronto District School Board French as a Second Language Program Review: Developmental Evaluation</a></strong>

<em>“Only 30% of French Immersion students felt represented in French-language resources, and even fewer Extended and Core French students (25% and 20%, respectively) felt represented." (TDSB, 68)</em>

“Several teachers and parents felt that French Immersion was viewed as an elitist program, exclusively for high-achieving students, which excluded large portions of the TDSB population. Additionally, stakeholders perceived that French Immersion and Extended French excluded large portions of the TDSB population (e.g., students from racialized and marginalized communities) and the school board should look at ways to engage all members of the TDSB.” (TDSB, 69)

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 2 : <a href="https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/98071/3/Kunnas_Rachel_Marika_201911_MA_thesis.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kunnas, Rachel Marika : Inquieties in black and blanc: textual constructions of the French Immersion students</a></strong>

<em>“Of note, in the TDSB videos (2016a, 2016b), […] these teachers appear to be White and female, which presents a particular image of the FI and EF programs. Interestingly, while the students in the videos are evidently chosen
to reflect the racial diversity of Toronto, the teachers are not. The bottom line; immersion may be presented as racially diverse, but its educators are not.” (Kunnas, p.65-66)</em>

“This echoes the demographics of the immersion program, which is 48-50% White students, despite the TDSB only having a 26- 31% White population (Sinay et al, 2018). Thus, the middle-class bias, the curricular content, the absence of race in TDSB and TCDSB FI texts, the White women teachers, and the relationship between race and income project the image of a White, middle-class student.” (Kunnas, p. 67)
<div class="textbox textbox--sidebar textbox--examples"><header class="textbox__header">
<h2 class="textbox__title"><strong>liste darticles</strong></h2>
</header>
<div class="textbox__content">
<div class="h5p-interactive-book-main h5p-interactive-book-navigation-open">
<div class="h5p-interactive-book-content">
<div id="h5p-interactive-book-chapter-7c230746-59f2-4fad-b1c9-81f81643e35e" class="h5p-interactive-book-chapter h5p-column h5p-interactive-book-current">
<div>
<div id="h5p-interactive-book-section-778890b9-4907-4d4a-817e-fd5671cc1c43" class="h5p-column-content h5p-accordion">
<div id="h5p-panel-content-0-2" class="h5p-panel-content h5p-advanced-text" role="region" aria-labelledby="h5p-panel-link-0-2" aria-hidden="false">

<a href="https://camerisefsl.ca/resources/liste-darticles-enfance-en-difficulte-dans-fls/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Lien aux autres articles</strong></a>

</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2><span style="color: #ffffff;background-color: #800080"><strong>Sous-thème 2 : Élèves et enseignants allophones</strong></span></h2>
Une population d’élèves très souvent peu représentée dans les salles de classe de français sont les élèves allophones (dont la langue maternelle n’est ni anglais ni français), y compris les immigrants.

Partant de l’idée bienveillante de ne pas surcharger ces élèves par l’apprentissage de deux langues en même temps, une assertion qui n’est pas soutenue par des études soulignées ci-dessous, les programmes FLS continuent à contribuer à un manque de diversité dans les salles de classe.

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 1 : <a href="https://www.utpjournals.press/doi/abs/10.3138/cmlr.63.5.727" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mady, Callie : Allophone Students in French Second-Official-Language Programs: A Literature Review</a></strong>

<em>"One school [...] withdrew immigrant students from FSL for ESL instruction, showing disregard for the policy requiring all students in Ontario to study French. A second school exempted allophone students from FSL classes so that they could have ESL instruction until their English improved. Yet another school insisted that all students attend FSL classes." (Mady, 745) </em>

<em>"[...] decisions on the inclusion of allophone students in French are based on hearsay evidence and intuitive choices rather than on research or the expectations of ministries of education." (Mady, 746)</em>

<em>“The results of the studies on achievement […] consistently show allophone students succeeding in their study of French, information which could be used to inform policy makers and thus enhance the possibilities of allophone students’ being included in FSL programming.” (Mady, 752)</em>

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 2 : <a href="http://mr.crossref.org/iPage?doi=10.3138%2Fcmlr.68.2.190" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Prasad, Gail : Multiple Minorities or Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD)
Plurilingual Learners? Re-envisioning Allophone Immigrant Children and Their Inclusion in French-Language Schools in Ontario</a></strong>

<em>"When we adopt an asset-oriented view of students and invite them to draw on the diversity of resources they possess through their cultural backgrounds and linguistic repertoires, we create opportunities for students to not only see themselves reflected in their learning but also to understand themselves as valued agents within their school and communities who can powerfully engage in the co-construction of knowledge and meaning in the classroom.”
(Prasad, 209)</em>
<em>"This study demonstrates that “Policy makers, researchers, and educators are clearly able to respond to the need to develop strategies for children to learn and live together in an increasingly CLD classroom and community by (re-)evaluating and implementing policy and practices that affirm the contribution of the diverse linguistic and cultural practices of Canadians to our ever-evolving pluralistic society.” (Prasad, 210)</em>
<h2><span style="color: #ffffff;background-color: #800080"><strong>Sous-thème 3 : Enfance en difficulté dans FLS</strong></span></h2>
Les élèves EED se trouvent dans les classes FLS sans les adaptations et les modifications nécessaires. Ceci est attribué à un manque de formation et de ressources disponibles aux enseignant.e.s, ainsi que la perception que ces élèves n’ont pas la capacité de réussir dans un programme FLs et qu’ils pourront mieux réussir dans le palier anglophone.

Les articles choisis recommandent le refus de ce modèle de déficit et plutôt cibler l’inclusion et le soutien de ces élèves.

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 1 : <a href="https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ944120.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Arnett, Katy &amp; Mady, Callie : A critically conscious examination of special education within FSL and its relevance to FSL teacher education programs</a></strong>

<em>"When viewed with a critical lens, the absence of supports (despite a recognized need to offer them to the included students) points to oppression of the minority population—the students with learning difficulties. It is problematic, from a critically conscious standpoint, to exclude a subset of the population from the learning experience because those in power fail to change the situation. Certainly, it is harmful to put students in a known environment where their needs will unlikely be met, but it is even more unadvisable to continue to replicate the existing structures that support oppression, even though potential mechanisms for removing barriers have been identified" (Arnett &amp; Mady, 28)</em>

<em>"Most conceptions of special education in Canada are based on a deficit-orientation model, which identifies students with special education needs by what they cannot do, in comparison to the norm (Kozey &amp; Siegel, 2008). This deficit-orientation model also encourages a hierarchy of students within the schooling environment." (Arnett &amp; Mady, 31)</em>

"The time has come to stop saying that FSL teachers are unprepared to meet the needs of students with diverse learning needs and start preparing them to do so in the teacher education programs. The “system,” as it stands, cannot continue to function as a barrier to certain student populations simply because of the inaction of its stakeholders." (Arnett &amp; Mady, 32)

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 2 : <a href="https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/CJAL/article/view/19873/21688" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wise, Nancy : Access to special education for exceptional students in French immersion programs: An equity issue</a></strong>

<em>“The time to expose the “myths created by the oppressors” (Sleeter et al., 2004, p. 82) and reject the status quo is upon us. These myths consist of misinformation often presented to parents suggesting that: (a) their children‟s educational needs will be better met in the regular English program, and (b) the current funding model does not allow for special education programs and services in the FI context. Although these arguments tend to be persuasive when presented to vulnerable families of exceptional pupils by powerful school authorities, they have no basis in reality and there is little in the way of research evidence to support them. From a critical pedagogy perspective, these parents and their children become victims of ideology perpetrated by convincing school board personnel” (Wise, 188)</em>

“Classroom teachers and support staff in the immersion context will need ample professional development opportunities to support them in their efforts to respond to the needs of exceptional pupils.”(Wise, 189)]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>5</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:14:20]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:14:20]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[open]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[chapter-1]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>3</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>1</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[chapter]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
										<category domain="chapter-type" nicename="standard"><![CDATA[Standard]]></category>
						<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_edit_last]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[6653]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[pb_show_title]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[on]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Appendix]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/?post_type=back-matter&#038;p=6</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:59:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/?p=6</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[This is where you can add appendices or other back matter.]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>6</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:43:13]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:43:13]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[open]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[appendix__trashed]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[trash]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>0</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>1</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[back-matter]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
										<category domain="back-matter-type" nicename="appendix"><![CDATA[Appendix]]></category>
						<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_wp_trash_meta_status]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_wp_trash_meta_time]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[1778031793]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_wp_desired_post_slug]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[appendix]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Authors]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/authors/</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:59:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/authors/</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<!-- Here be dragons. -->]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>7</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:50]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[authors]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>0</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>0</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[page]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
														</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Cover]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:59:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/cover/</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<!-- Here be dragons. -->]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>8</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[cover]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>0</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>0</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[page]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
														</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Table of Contents]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/table-of-contents/</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:59:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/table-of-contents/</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<!-- Here be dragons. -->]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>9</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[table-of-contents]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>0</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>0</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[page]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
														</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[About]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/about/</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:59:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/about/</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<!-- Here be dragons. -->]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>10</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[about]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>0</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>0</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[page]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
														</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Buy]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/buy/</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:59:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/buy/</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<!-- Here be dragons. -->]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>11</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[buy]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>0</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>0</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[page]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
														</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Access Denied]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/access-denied/</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:59:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/access-denied/</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<!-- Here be dragons. -->]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>12</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[access-denied]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>0</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>0</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[page]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
														</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Book Information]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/?metadata=book-information</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:59:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/?p=16</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>16</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:51]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[book-information]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>0</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>0</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[metadata]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
										<category domain="contributor" nicename="dsdunand"><![CDATA[Dominique Scheffel-Dunand]]></category>
						<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[pb_authors]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[pb_title]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[Synthèses de recherches en fls ]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[pb_language]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[en]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[pb_cover_image]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/app/plugins/pressbooks/assets/dist/images/default-book-cover.jpg]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[profile]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/profile/</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:59:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/app/uploads/sites/6828/2017/06/profile.png</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>17</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:52]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:52]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:52]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-04-20 17:59:52]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[profile]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[inherit]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>0</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>0</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[attachment]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
						<wp:attachment_url><![CDATA[https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/app/uploads/sites/6828/2017/06/profile.png]]></wp:attachment_url>
											<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_wp_attached_file]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[2017/06/profile.png]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_wp_attachment_metadata]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[a:6:{s:5:"width";i:400;s:6:"height";i:400;s:4:"file";s:19:"2017/06/profile.png";s:8:"filesize";i:222725;s:5:"sizes";a:5:{s:6:"medium";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:19:"profile-300x300.png";s:5:"width";i:300;s:6:"height";i:300;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:143771;}s:9:"thumbnail";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:19:"profile-150x150.png";s:5:"width";i:150;s:6:"height";i:150;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:45927;}s:14:"pb_cover_small";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:17:"profile-65x65.png";s:5:"width";i:65;s:6:"height";i:65;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:10482;}s:15:"pb_cover_medium";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:19:"profile-225x225.png";s:5:"width";i:225;s:6:"height";i:225;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:90180;}s:14:"pb_cover_large";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:19:"profile-350x350.png";s:5:"width";i:350;s:6:"height";i:350;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:182677;}}s:10:"image_meta";a:12:{s:8:"aperture";s:1:"0";s:6:"credit";s:0:"";s:6:"camera";s:0:"";s:7:"caption";s:0:"";s:17:"created_timestamp";s:1:"0";s:9:"copyright";s:0:"";s:12:"focal_length";s:1:"0";s:3:"iso";s:1:"0";s:13:"shutter_speed";s:1:"0";s:5:"title";s:0:"";s:11:"orientation";s:1:"0";s:8:"keywords";a:0:{}}}]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[H5P listing]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/h5p-listing/</link>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 01:02:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[pressbooks]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/h5p-listing/</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<!-- Here be dragons. -->]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>22</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:02:13]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:02:13]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:02:13]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:02:13]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[h5p-listing]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>0</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>1</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[page]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
														</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Thème 2 : Pénurie des enseignants]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/chapter/theme-2-penurie-des-enseignants/</link>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 01:17:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=29</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="h5p-interactive-book-section-f3ea2618-0728-4cc9-a495-3ded75a9dcb6" class="h5p-column-content h5p-advanced-text">

Ce thème vise à explorer et à élaborer la question initiale qui a poussé le gouvernement fédéral à financer plusieurs initiatives, y compris Camerise : le manque des enseignants FLS au Canada.

Les articles consultés sont des études portant sur les difficultés reliés aux programmes FLS, surtout ressentis par des nouveaux et nouvelles enseignant.e.s. Certaines ressources ciblent des nouvelles initiatives à élaborer pour mieux soutenir ces enseignants, pendant et après leur formation initiale.

</div>
<div></div>
<div><strong style="text-align: initial;font-size: 1em">Mots clés</strong></div>
<div id="h5p-interactive-book-section-4df75047-3a6a-42fb-ab61-ad46054e20c1" class="h5p-column-content h5p-table">
<div>
<table class="grid" border="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>la rétention en FLS</td>
<td>formation des enseignants FLS</td>
<td>croyances des enseignants</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2><span style="color: #ffffff;background-color: #800080"><strong>Sous-thème 1 : Soutien pédagogique</strong></span></h2>
Toute organisation qui veut retenir des employés qualifiés et contents doit garantir des ressources et de la formation adéquates. Cependant, dans le domaine de l’enseignement du FLS, ceci ne s’avère pas d’être le cas selon plusieurs études. Le problème se voit surtout au niveau de la compétence linguistique, ainsi que des ressources disponibles en français à ces enseignant.es.

Plusieurs des ressources ci-dessous soulignent le besoin de soutien financier et pédagogique dans l’enseignement, tout en ciblant les initiatives que les enseignant.e.s trouvent utiles.

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 1 : ACPI : </strong><a href="https://camerisefsl.ca/resources/rapport-final-consultation-pancanadienne/"><strong>Rapport Final : Consultation Pancanadienne</strong></a>

<em>“Dans un contexte de popularité sans cesse croissante des programmes d’immersion, les trois grands constats exposés précédemment s’imposent, soit la rareté généralisée de professionnels qualifiés, la variabilité du niveau de compétence linguistique des professionnels et le manque criant de ressources et d’outils pédagogiques spécifiques à l’immersion.” (ACPI, 27)</em>

<em>“Perfectionnement des compétences linguistiques rime avec formation et développement de compétences. La consultation</em>
<em>a permis de découvrir que seulement un professionnel de l’immersion sur deux (51 %) se dit ouvert (oui) lorsqu’on lui</em>
<em>propose de perfectionner ses compétences linguistiques en français.” (ACPI, 22)</em>

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 2 : ONFR : </strong><a href="https://onfr.tfo.org/la-penurie-touche-aussi-lenseignement-du-francais-langue-seconde/"><strong>La pénurie touche aussi l'enseignement du français langue seconde</strong></a>

<em>“En Colombie-Britannique, les enseignants soulignent un manque de valorisation autour de l’enseignement du français de base, mais il y a aussi, à travers le Canada, leur défi d’accéder à des ressources pédagogiques efficaces, à des possibilités d’améliorer leurs habiletés à communiquer en français et à des stratégies d’enseignement efficace.” (ONFR)</em>

<em>“Le financement accordé à l’apprentissage de la langue seconde stagne depuis 2007-2008 autour de 115,8 millions de dollars et les contributions des provinces ont diminué de près de la moitié depuis 2009-2010.</em>

<em>Alors qu’il s’est récemment donné pour cible de faire passer le taux national de bilinguisme de 17,9 % à 20 % d’ici 2036, le gouvernement fédéral prévoit augmenter légèrement sa contribution pour les cinq prochaines années, passant de 434 millions de dollars en 2013-2018 à 448 millions de dollars en 2018-2023.” (ONFR)</em>

<hr />

<a href="https://camerisefsl.ca/resources/liste-darticles-soutien-pedagogique/"><strong>Lien aux autres articles</strong></a>
<h2><span style="color: #ffffff;background-color: #800080"><strong>Sous-thème 2 : Défis du programme FLS</strong></span></h2>
La pénurie des enseignants FLS est une conséquence de l’échec d’attirer assez de nouveaux diplômé.es, mais aussi le fait que plusieurs enseignant.es actuel.les sont en train de quitter la profession.

Nombreuses sont les raisons de leur départ : la valorisation du français au Canada et de la profession de l’enseignement, la qualité du programme FLS, le manque de ressources en français, le rapport souvent négatif entre enseignant.e et la direction des écoles, ainsi que les parents, ainsi que d’autres identifiées dans les ressources ci-dessous.

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 1 : </strong><a href="https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/70346/1/Gour_Rochelle_201511_MA_thesis.pdf"><strong>Gour, Rochelle : ONTARIO MIDDLE-SCHOOL CORE FRENCH TEACHERS`</strong></a>
<a href="https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/70346/1/Gour_Rochelle_201511_MA_thesis.pdf"><strong>PERCEPTIONS OF AND EXPERIENCES WITH THE</strong></a>
<a href="https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/70346/1/Gour_Rochelle_201511_MA_thesis.pdf"><strong>2013 ONTARIO FRENCH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE CURRICULUM</strong></a>

<em>“Student decline in French programs has often been due to poor and ineffective curriculum design. It has already been identified in research that previous Canadian FSL curricula had a ‘lack of coherence […] inconsistent with empirical evidence regarding effective practice’</em>
<em>(Cummins, 2014, p. 1)” (Gour, 3)</em>

<em>“Many Ontario FSL CF teachers have ceased teaching French. For example, in 2006, a Canada-wide survey was distributed to approximately 1300 FSL teachers that identified that almost half of the participants considered leaving the profession (Lapkin, et al., 2006).” (Gour, 12)</em>

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 2 : ACPI : </strong><a href="https://depot.erudit.org/bitstream/003304dd/1/RAP-karsenti-38-2008.pdf"><strong>Why are new French immersion and French as a second language teachers leaving the profession? </strong></a>

<em>“Lack of instructional materials is also mentioned as a reason to leave the teaching profession. This is particularly true for immersion, because the language of teaching does not always correspond to the language of the community. The fact is, in English Canada, the instructional materials made available to immersion teachers are, unsurprisingly, in English (e.g., a history textbook), which means they cannot be used as French immersion materials in the classroom. (ACPI, 5)</em>

<em>“Relational aspects of teaching constitute a further problem that beginning teachers must face. Difficult relationships with some parents of students are repeatedly mentioned as a pressure that drives future teachers to drop out, especially by the key informants. On the other hand, drop-out teachers report more problematic relationships with the school management/administration and colleagues. Lack of support in this respect, especially when problems with parents and students arise, is the most recurrent theme cited by respondents, as corroborated by recent studies (Borman &amp; Dowling, 2008; Chaplain, 2008; Gonzalez, Brown &amp; Slate, 2008; Hudson, Beutel &amp; Hudson, 2008; OECD, 2005).”</em>
<em>(ACPI, 6)</em>

<hr />

<a href="https://camerisefsl.ca/resources/liste-darticles-defis-du-programme-fls/"><strong>Lien aux autres articles</strong></a>
<h2><span style="color: #ffffff;background-color: #800080"><strong>Sous-thème 3 : Nouveaux enseignant.es FLS</strong></span></h2>
Tout initiative pour aborder la pénurie des enseignant.es FLS revient à l’importance d’attirer de plus en plus de nouveaux et nouvelles enseignant.e.s à la profession. Par contre, le taux de recrutement ne répond pas au besoin identifié par plusieurs conseils scolaires ainsi que des facultés d’éducation.

Tenant compte des sous-thèmes précédents, il faut aussi reconnaitre le fait que plusieurs nouveaux et nouvelles enseignants sont très susceptibles à quitter la profession pendant les premières années de leur carrière.

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 1 : </strong><a href="https://www.ddsb.ca/en/programs-and-learning/fsl-programs-review.aspx#"><strong>DURHAM DISTRICT SCHOOL BOARD FRENCH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE REVIEW</strong></a>

<em>“There is considerable variation among entrance and Additional Qualifications requirements for FSL teacher education programs at Faculties of Education – all the way from self-declaration up to DEFL B2 certification with 70% or higher. Thus, graduation from a faculty is not sufficiently informative as to proficiency. On average, approximately one quarter of FSL teacher applicants do not meet French language proficiency standards established by individual boards (OPSBA, 2018, p. 26)” (DDSB, 25)</em>

<em>“In 2016, there were approximately 17,200 FI teachers in Canada, which was a 21% increase in four years (OPSBA, 2109, p. 84), yet this increase was nowhere near enough to close the gap between supply and demand. The demand for FSL teachers continues to grow.” (DDSB,23)</em>

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 2 : </strong><a href="https://onfr.tfo.org/la-penurie-touche-aussi-lenseignement-du-francais-langue-seconde/"><strong>La pénurie touche aussi l'enseignement du français langue seconde (ONFR)</strong></a>

<em>“En Ontario, par exemple, environ 90 % des conseils scolaires anglophones offrent au moins un programme de Français langue seconde, selon les données de CPF. Mais parallèlement, le nombre de demandes reçues d’enseignants de français langue seconde diplômés au cours des trois dernières années a diminué de 54 %.” (ONFR+)</em>

<hr />

<a href="https://camerisefsl.ca/resources/liste-darticles-nouveaux-enseignant-es-fls/"><strong>Lien aux autres articles</strong></a>

</div>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>29</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:17:54]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:17:54]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:17:54]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:17:54]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[theme-2-penurie-des-enseignants]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>3</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>2</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[chapter]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
														<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_edit_last]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[6653]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[pb_show_title]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[on]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Thème 3 : Insécurité linguistique]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/chapter/theme-3-insecurite-linguistique/</link>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 01:21:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=31</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[Ce thème vise à décrire une des raisons de la pénurie ainsi que la diminution d’élèves qui continuent leur apprentissage du français après le programme obligatoire : l’insécurité linguistique.

Les articles consultés sont des études portant sur les croyances et la perception d'insuffisance présentes chez les élèves et les enseignant.es des programmes FLS. Les ressources proposent des façons de lutter contre cette insécurité, par des formations additionnelles et par des programmes d’enrichissement.
<div id="h5p-interactive-book-section-596709c4-e860-4b4c-b778-1f6b195e8d30" class="h5p-column-content h5p-advanced-text">

<strong>Mots clés</strong>

</div>
<div id="h5p-interactive-book-section-6cae19eb-f925-4e4a-bff3-cacbe5b4ec2c" class="h5p-column-content h5p-table">
<div>
<table class="grid" style="height: 15px" border="1" cellspacing="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15px">
<td style="height: 15px;width: 195.336px">formation des enseignants FLS</td>
<td style="height: 15px;width: 167.539px">la compétence linguistique</td>
<td style="height: 15px;width: 167.75px">croyances des enseignants</td>
<td style="height: 15px;width: 245.914px">accès à la formation en langue seconde</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2><span style="color: #ffffff;background-color: #800080"><strong>Sous-thème 1 : Compétences L2 de l'enseignant</strong></span></h2>
Les enseignant.es FLS se trouvent sous un regard critique en raison de leur propre compétence linguistique en français. De ce fait, plusieurs ne se sentent pas à l’aise; ces enseignant.es ne se voient pas assez bilingues pour leur profession. Ce phénomène est surtout souligné en comparant les enseignant.es qui ont complété le programme d'immersion française et ceux/celles qui ont suivi le programme cadre.

Cette peur conduit à l’insécurité linguistique, ce qui a un effet négatif sur la qualité des programmes FLS ainsi que le désir de ces enseignant.es de poursuivre avec leur carrière choisie.

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 1 : CPF :</strong><a href="https://cpf.ca/wp-content/uploads/CPF_2020_LinguisticSecurityBrief_EN_v9_EMAIL-1.pdf"><strong> Building Linguistic Security</strong></a>

<em>“...linguistic insecurity is reinforced through the constant monitoring and correction of the language by those who monitoring and correction of the language by those who speak the “real French” ...” (CPF, 1)</em>

<em>"For FSL teachers, this insecurity is most evident with regard to self-perceived language proficiency, lack of confidence vis-à-vis native speakers of French, and the fear of not appearing “bilingual enough.” (CPF, 2)</em>

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 2 : </strong><a href="https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1194067.pdf"><strong>Shelley Cooke &amp; Farahnaz Faez :  Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Novice French as a Second Language Teachers: A Case Study of Ontario Teachers</strong></a>

<em>"novice FSL teachers in elementary schools in Ontario are not feeling particularly confident upon completion of their teacher education programs. Inadequate FSL training during teacher education programs or a lack of practicum placements in an FSL classroom are important considerations." (Cooke &amp; Faez, 15)</em>

<em>"The FI participants perceived themselves as being quite confident, particularly in areas such as creating a supportive and challenging learning environment …; planning lessons that engage students in language learning …; and providing activities that support meaningful communication in French … While CF teachers also perceived themselves as fairly confident in relation to creating a supportive and challenging learning environment …, they scored themselves relatively low in generating and using appropriate resources …; keeping up-to-date with current approaches to L2 learning …; and planning lessons that reflect theories of L2 acquisition." (Cooke &amp; Faez, 10)</em>

<hr />

<a href="https://camerisefsl.ca/resources/liste-darticles-competences-l2-de-lenseignant/"><strong>Lien aux autres articles</strong></a>
<h2><span style="color: #ffffff;background-color: #800080"><strong>Sous-thème 2 : Soutien langagier</strong></span></h2>
Faisant face à cette insécurité linguistique, les études tournent vers le soutien des enseignant.es par des formations et par des ressources possibles. Cette réponse provient du refus des partis pris de changer les standards reliés à la compétence linguistique, malgré la pénurie des enseignant.es FLS qualifié.es.

De ce fait, la solution ciblée revient aux formations offertes pendant et après le programme de certification à l’enseignement de FLS au Canada; les enseignant.es sont souvent ouverts à ce type de formation, moyennant la qualité et la pertinence du format et du contenu.

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 1 : </strong><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://journals.sfu.ca/cje/index.php/cje-rce/article/download/2866/2161/&amp;sa=D&amp;source=docs&amp;ust=1638124451914000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1jyxr8_G2NFn4dXCVwWKGE"><strong>Ingrid Veilleux &amp; Monique Bournot‐Trites : Standards for the Language Competence of French Immersion Teachers: Is There a Danger of Erosion?</strong></a>

<em>“Veilleux (2003) has found that parents and school district</em>
<em>personnel were unwilling to lower standards even in the face of a</em>
<em>shortage. Rather they thought that under‐qualified teachers should take</em>
<em>additional courses in French or second language methodology” (Veilleux &amp; Bournot‐Trites, 501)</em>

<em>"Educators have an ethical responsibility to ensure the French competence of teachers as well as the adequacy of their knowledge of FI teaching methodology." (Veilleux &amp; Bournot‐Trites, 504)</em>

<hr />

<strong>Ressource clé 2 : </strong><a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/212995/summary"><strong>Doreen Bayliss &amp; Marie-Josée Vignola : Training Non-native Second Language Teachers: The Case of Anglophone FLS Teacher Candidates</strong></a>

<em>“Students from all three groups recognized that they themselves should</em>
<em>take responsibility for maintaining their L2. As one student put it,</em>
<em>keeping up the language should be viewed in the same light as keeping</em>
<em>up any other teachable subject.” (Bayliss &amp; Vignola, 384)</em>

<em>"Although their FSL skills were at the right level, students still felt that they needed a certain amount of support during their pre-service year in order to adjust to the linguistic demands of their chosen profession." (Bayliss &amp; Vignola, 390)</em>

<hr />

<a href="https://camerisefsl.ca/resources/liste-darticles-soutien-langagier/"><strong>Lien aux autres articles</strong></a>

</div>
</div>]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>31</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:21:55]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:21:55]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:21:55]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:21:55]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[theme-3-insecurite-linguistique]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>3</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>3</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[chapter]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
														<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_edit_last]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[6653]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[pb_show_title]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[on]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Mobilisation des recherches]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/chapter/mobilisation-des-recherches/</link>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 01:25:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=33</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="h5p-interactive-book-section-62e49aa6-e13e-4df6-b97a-470527c1bcaf" class="h5p-column-content h5p-advanced-text">

Lors de la compilation et synthèse de ces articles sous les thèmes et les sous thèmes, notre équipe s’est efforcé à appliquer ces connaissances et les partager avec les partis pris. Nous avons pu faire ceci par des initiatives suivantes :

</div>
<h2><span style="color: #ffffff;background-color: #800080"><strong>1. Activités de promotion</strong></span></h2>
<h2 class="h5p-column-content h5p-advanced-text">À partir de la compilation des connaissances et des initiatives de promotion de la carrière d’enseignement FLS, notre équipe a conçu trois activités de promotion. Pendant l’année scolaire 2020-2021, plus de 300 élèves ont participé dans les sessions de bêta-testing de ces activités, en virtuel et en présentiel.</h2>
[h5p id="2"]

&nbsp;
<h2 class="h5p-column-content h5p-advanced-text"><span style="color: #ffffff;background-color: #800080"><strong>2. Témoignages des étudiants et des enseignants</strong></span></h2>
Notre équipe n’a pas seulement ciblé les documents et les ressources en ligne. Nous avions recruté plusieurs enseignants et étudiants de la faculté d’éducation pour participer à un filmage des témoignages de leur expérience avec la carrière d’enseignement FLS.

Malheureusement, la pandémie a restreint la possibilité de faire ces témoignages en personne. Cependant, nous avons pu mener 7 témoignages à distance qu’on a ensuite transformés en vidéo-clips, en images et en balados.

[h5p id="3]

[embed]https://youtu.be/ggDw67ToiZo[/embed]

<hr />

[embed]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2A5wU0Yuak[/embed]
<h2><span style="color: #ffffff;background-color: #800080"><strong>3. Collaboration et implication de la communauté</strong></span></h2>
En février 2020, notre équipe a mené une idéathon avec 15 enseignants et étudiants de la faculté pour leur présenter nos recherches et nos activités de promotions. Ils étaient ensuite séparés en 4 groupes pour concevoir une idée initiale pour leur propre activité de promotion.

Cet événement a non seulement mené à la création de 4 nouvelles activités possibles, mais a aussi permis un très beau partage d’idées entre des personnes impliquées dans la carrière d’enseignement avec des expériences et des perspectives très diverses.

Nous continuons à chercher de nouvelles opportunités de collaboration et animation, surtout avec les jeunes. Si vous êtes intéressé.e, merci de remplir le formulaire suivant :
<a href="https://forms.gle/ThDyyKa5aXNWaYVb7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://forms.gle/ThDyyKa5aXNWaYVb7</a>

Pour en conclure, nous vous invitons à écouter un témoignage de nos assistantes de recherche sur leur travail avec le projet de recherche en tant que apprenties chercheurs.

[embed]https://youtu.be/15XZusQzljA[/embed]]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>33</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:25:19]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:25:19]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:41:08]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:41:08]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[mobilisation-des-recherches]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[publish]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>3</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>4</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[chapter]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
														<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_edit_last]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[6653]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[pb_show_title]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[on]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_oembed_11dd5c1d0136928d5fe168eb5084d208]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[<iframe title="Camerise - Témoignage - Thomas Bodor" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ggDw67ToiZo?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_oembed_time_11dd5c1d0136928d5fe168eb5084d208]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[1778031671]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_oembed_41a22cbaa38544d54e48a7cd5e7089fd]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[<iframe title="Camerise - Témoignage - Thomas Bodor" width="905" height="509" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ggDw67ToiZo?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_oembed_time_41a22cbaa38544d54e48a7cd5e7089fd]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[1778031671]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_oembed_5c332e4d7417221cd00d642270291ba1]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[<iframe title="Camerise - Témoignage - Korina Thomas-Reynolds" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/d2A5wU0Yuak?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_oembed_a2e60dc8f7076172ac387a4f845f770b]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[<iframe title="Camerise - Témoignage assistantes de recherche - Halley et Sabrina" width="905" height="509" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/15XZusQzljA?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_oembed_0bb1c337c81a54213f99a93a23092560]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[<iframe title="Camerise - Témoignage - Korina Thomas-Reynolds" width="905" height="509" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/d2A5wU0Yuak?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_oembed_time_5c332e4d7417221cd00d642270291ba1]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[1778031671]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_oembed_time_a2e60dc8f7076172ac387a4f845f770b]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[1778031671]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_oembed_time_0bb1c337c81a54213f99a93a23092560]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[1778031671]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_oembed_f83fcd2a0c9a805c932ba5fbb284e24e]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[<iframe title="Camerise - Témoignage assistantes de recherche - Halley et Sabrina" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/15XZusQzljA?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_oembed_time_f83fcd2a0c9a805c932ba5fbb284e24e]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[1778031671]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							</item>
					<item>
		<title><![CDATA[Un des exemples de cette animation était pendant le programme Explore au campus Glendon, où nous avons fait participé 40 élèves ayant 12-16 ans dans nos trois activités.]]></title>
		<link>https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/synthesesderecherchesenfls/chapter/mobilisation-des-recherches/screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6-53-20-am/</link>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 01:23:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dsdunand]]></dc:creator>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/app/uploads/sites/6828/2026/05/Screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6.53.20-AM.png</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[]]></content:encoded>
		<excerpt:encoded><![CDATA[Un des exemples de cette animation était pendant le programme Explore au campus Glendon, où nous avons fait participé 40 élèves ayant 12-16 ans dans nos trois activités.]]></excerpt:encoded>
		<wp:post_id>34</wp:post_id>
		<wp:post_date><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:23:34]]></wp:post_date>
		<wp:post_date_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:23:34]]></wp:post_date_gmt>
		<wp:post_modified><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:24:00]]></wp:post_modified>
		<wp:post_modified_gmt><![CDATA[2026-05-06 01:24:00]]></wp:post_modified_gmt>
		<wp:comment_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:comment_status>
		<wp:ping_status><![CDATA[closed]]></wp:ping_status>
		<wp:post_name><![CDATA[screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6-53-20-am]]></wp:post_name>
		<wp:status><![CDATA[inherit]]></wp:status>
		<wp:post_parent>33</wp:post_parent>
		<wp:menu_order>0</wp:menu_order>
		<wp:post_type><![CDATA[attachment]]></wp:post_type>
		<wp:post_password><![CDATA[]]></wp:post_password>
		<wp:is_sticky>0</wp:is_sticky>
						<wp:attachment_url><![CDATA[https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/app/uploads/sites/6828/2026/05/Screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6.53.20-AM.png]]></wp:attachment_url>
											<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_wp_attached_file]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[2026/05/Screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6.53.20-AM.png]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_wp_attachment_metadata]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[a:6:{s:5:"width";i:1542;s:6:"height";i:880;s:4:"file";s:47:"2026/05/Screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6.53.20-AM.png";s:8:"filesize";i:504830;s:5:"sizes";a:8:{s:6:"medium";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:47:"Screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6.53.20-AM-300x171.png";s:5:"width";i:300;s:6:"height";i:171;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:35338;}s:5:"large";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:48:"Screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6.53.20-AM-1024x584.png";s:5:"width";i:1024;s:6:"height";i:584;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:233038;}s:9:"thumbnail";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:47:"Screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6.53.20-AM-150x150.png";s:5:"width";i:150;s:6:"height";i:150;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:19133;}s:12:"medium_large";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:47:"Screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6.53.20-AM-768x438.png";s:5:"width";i:768;s:6:"height";i:438;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:151836;}s:9:"1536x1536";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:48:"Screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6.53.20-AM-1536x877.png";s:5:"width";i:1536;s:6:"height";i:877;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:423656;}s:14:"pb_cover_small";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:45:"Screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6.53.20-AM-65x37.png";s:5:"width";i:65;s:6:"height";i:37;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:3259;}s:15:"pb_cover_medium";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:47:"Screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6.53.20-AM-225x128.png";s:5:"width";i:225;s:6:"height";i:128;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:22919;}s:14:"pb_cover_large";a:5:{s:4:"file";s:47:"Screenshot-2026-05-06-at-6.53.20-AM-350x200.png";s:5:"width";i:350;s:6:"height";i:200;s:9:"mime-type";s:9:"image/png";s:8:"filesize";i:45948;}}s:10:"image_meta";a:12:{s:8:"aperture";s:1:"0";s:6:"credit";s:0:"";s:6:"camera";s:0:"";s:7:"caption";s:0:"";s:17:"created_timestamp";s:1:"0";s:9:"copyright";s:0:"";s:12:"focal_length";s:1:"0";s:3:"iso";s:1:"0";s:13:"shutter_speed";s:1:"0";s:5:"title";s:0:"";s:11:"orientation";s:1:"0";s:8:"keywords";a:0:{}}}]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							<wp:postmeta>
		<wp:meta_key><![CDATA[_wp_attachment_image_alt]]></wp:meta_key>
		<wp:meta_value><![CDATA[Un des exemples de cette animation était pendant le programme Explore au campus Glendon, où nous avons fait participé 40 élèves ayant 12-16 ans dans nos trois activités.]]></wp:meta_value>
		</wp:postmeta>
							</item>
				</channel>
</rss>
	