Ageism

Abstract

The purpose of this module is to explore key concepts related to ageism, and how ageism influences our physical and mental health. Due to the impact of ageism on physical and mental health, strategies to combat ageism for health care providers and organizations is also provided.

Ageism has been identified as the last socially acceptable form of discrimination in society. Ageism is so normalized in our everyday lives that we often don’t recognize when we are either experiencing ageism, or perpetuating ageism in our daily interactions. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 50% of the world’s population hold ageist views against older adults. Although many ageist attitudes and practices are aimed at older adults, ageism is prevalent across the age spectrum. In its definition, the WHO does not identify ageism as being targeted only towards older adults, but rather defines ageism as “stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination directed towards others or oneself based on age” (WHO, 2021, p. 2). Furthermore, the WHO recognizes that ageism is harmful and leads to disadvantages and injustice and “erodes solidarity across generations” WHO, 2021, p. 2). In response, the WHO has declared 2021-2030 the “Decade of Healthy Ageing”.

Ageism is closely linked to negative physical and mental health outcomes. Health care providers need to have a comprehensive understanding of ageism, its impacts on health outcomes, and strategies for how to combat ageism. Ageism is known to lead to the over or under treatment of patient conditions which can result in missed or delayed diagnosis; it can result in medication non-compliance and adverse drug effect; and has been shown to cause anxiety and depression as one ages. Intergenerational tension based on ageist attitudes in health care teams can lead to increased stress, long term sick leave and poor retention of employees. This module will provide participants with an opportunity to explore negative health outcomes for patients and providers and opportunities for addressing ageism in their health care settings.